Algorithms that involve both forecasting and optimization are at the core of solutions to many difficult real-world problems, such as in supply chains (inventory optimization), traffic, and in the transition towards carbon-free energy generation in battery/load/production scheduling in sustainable energy systems. Typically, in these scenarios we want to solve an optimization problem that depends on unknown future values, which therefore need to be forecast. As both forecasting and optimization are difficult problems in their own right, relatively few research has been done in this area. This paper presents the findings of the ``IEEE-CIS Technical Challenge on Predict+Optimize for Renewable Energy Scheduling," held in 2021. We present a comparison and evaluation of the seven highest-ranked solutions in the competition, to provide researchers with a benchmark problem and to establish the state of the art for this benchmark, with the aim to foster and facilitate research in this area. The competition used data from the Monash Microgrid, as well as weather data and energy market data. It then focused on two main challenges: forecasting renewable energy production and demand, and obtaining an optimal schedule for the activities (lectures) and on-site batteries that lead to the lowest cost of energy. The most accurate forecasts were obtained by gradient-boosted tree and random forest models, and optimization was mostly performed using mixed integer linear and quadratic programming. The winning method predicted different scenarios and optimized over all scenarios jointly using a sample average approximation method.
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在本文中,我们描述了我们提出的方法来接近IEEE CIS第3技术挑战中引入的预测+优化挑战。预测模型采用了LightGBM模型的集合,并且规定性分析采用数学优化来有效地规定最小化多种情况下的平均成本的解决方案。我们的解决方案在竞争的预测挑战中排名第一。
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Temporal data like time series are often observed at irregular intervals which is a challenging setting for existing machine learning methods. To tackle this problem, we view such data as samples from some underlying continuous function. We then define a diffusion-based generative model that adds noise from a predefined stochastic process while preserving the continuity of the resulting underlying function. A neural network is trained to reverse this process which allows us to sample new realizations from the learned distribution. We define suitable stochastic processes as noise sources and introduce novel denoising and score-matching models on processes. Further, we show how to apply this approach to the multivariate probabilistic forecasting and imputation tasks. Through our extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our method outperforms previous models on synthetic and real-world datasets.
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我们介绍了多变量时间序列中异常检测问题的新型,实际相关的变化:内在的异常检测。它出现在从DevOps到IoT的各种实践场景中,我们想认识到在周围环境影响下运行的系统的故障。固有的异常是时间序列之间的功能依赖性结构的变化,该时间序列代表代表所述环境中系统内部状态的环境和时间序列。我们将此问题形式化,为其提供了不足的公共和新的专用数据集,并提供了处理内在异常检测的方法。这些解决了无法区分系统状态的预期变化和意外情况的现有异常检测方法的缩写,即,偏离环境影响的系统的变化。我们最有前途的方法是完全无监督的,并结合了对抗性学习和时间序列表示学习,从而解决了标签稀疏性和主观性等问题,同时允许导航并改善臭名昭著的有问题的异常检测数据集。
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由于数字电路的成熟CAD支持,一种数字有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器设计是完全可合成的。相反,模拟混合信号(AMS)滤波器设计主要是手动过程,包括架构选择,原理图设计和布局。这项工作提出了一种系统设计方法,可以使用没有任何可调谐无源组件的时间近似架构自动化AMS FIR滤波器设计,例如开关电容器或电阻器。它不仅提高了过滤器的灵活性,而且还促进了模拟复杂性降低的设计自动化。所提出的设计流程具有混合近似方案,根据时间量化效果自动优化过滤器的脉冲响应,这表明了具有最小设计者在循环中的努力的显着性能改进。另外,基于人工神经网络(ANN)的布局感知回归模型与基于梯度的搜索算法结合使用,用于自动化和加快滤波器设计。通过拟议的框架,我们展示了在65nm过程中快速合成了来自规范到布局的过程中的AMS FIR滤波器。
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由于技术缩放和更高的灵活性/可重构性需求,模拟混合信号(AMS)电路架构已经发展到更加数字友好。同时,由于优化电路尺寸,布局和验证复杂AMS电路的必要性,AMS电路的设计复杂性和成本基本上增加。另一方面,在过去十年中,机器学习(ML)算法受到指数增长,并由电子设计自动化(EDA)社区积极利用。本文将确定这一趋势所带来的机遇和挑战,并概述了几个新兴AMS设计方法,这些方法是最近的AMS电路架构和机器学习算法的演变。具体而言,我们将专注于使用基于神经网络的代理模型来加快电路设计参数搜索和布局迭代。最后,我们将展示从规范到硅原型的若干AMS电路实例的快速合成,具有显着降低的人为干预。
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优化逻辑合成期间电路的结果质量(QOR)是一种强大的挑战,需要探索指数大小的搜索空间。虽然专业设计的操作辅助揭示有效序列,但逻辑电路的复杂性的增加有利于自动化程序。灵感来自机器学习的成功,研究人员适应了逻辑合成应用的深度学习和加固学习。然而,成功的是,这些技术遭受了预防广泛采用的高样本复杂性。为了实现高效且可扩展的解决方案,我们提出沸腾,这是一种适应现代贝叶斯优化的第一算法,以导航合成操作的空间。沸腾不需要人类干预,并通过新颖的高斯工艺内核和信托区域约束收购有效地进行探索与利用。在EPFL基准测试的一组实验中,根据样本效率和QOR值,我们展示了与最先进的卓越的性能。
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我们介绍了一种组合变分AutiCencoders(VAE)和深度度量学习的方法,以通过高维和结构化输入空间执行贝叶斯优化(BO)。通过从深度度量学习中调整思路,我们使用BlackBox功能的标签指导来构建VAE潜在空间,促进高斯工艺拟合并产生改善的BO性能。重要的是,对于BO问题设置,我们的方法在半监督的制度中运行,其中只有少数标记的数据点。我们在三个现实世界任务中运行实验,在惩罚的LOGP分子生成基准上实现最先进的结果,只使用先前方法所需的标记数据的3%。作为一种理论贡献,我们提出了vae bo遗憾的证据。
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